目的探讨吸烟对中青年女性急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响。
方法本研究基于中华医学会心血管病学分会和美国心脏协会合作开展的"中国心血管疾病医疗质量改善项目"。该项目自2014年起,在中国158家三级医院和82家二级医院连续入选ACS住院患者,系统地收集患者的临床相关信息和评价医疗质量。本研究纳入标准包括:年龄<60岁、首次发生ACS的女性患者且住院期间接受过冠状动脉造影。根据其吸烟状态将研究人群分为吸烟者和不吸烟者,采用多因素logistic回归分析吸烟与中青年女性ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。
结果本研究纳入2 863例符合入选标准的中青年女性ACS患者,其中340例(12%)为吸烟者。与不吸烟患者(2 523例)比较,吸烟患者45岁以下发病占比更高[13.2%(45/340)比8.5%(215/2 523), P<0.01],合并高血压[59.4%(202/340)比66.7%(1 683/2 523), P<0.01]和糖尿病[39.4%(134/340)比44.2%(1 116/2 523), P=0.09]比例较低,但ST段抬高型心肌梗死的比例更高[66.8%(227/340)比53.7%(1 354/2 523), P<0.01],具有冠状动脉多支血管病变[39.1%(133/340)比32.6%(822/2 523), P<0.01]、冠状动脉单支血管重度狭窄[56.2%(109/194)比46.1%(706/1 530), P<0.01]和多支血管重度狭窄[63.2%(84/133)比58.2%(478/822), P=0.29]的比例均高于不吸烟者。在调整了年龄、高血压、糖尿病、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高甘油三酯、肾功能不全、冠心病家族史和ACS类型后,与不吸烟的中青年女性患者相比,吸烟中青年女性患者的冠状动脉多支血管病变、冠状动脉多支血管严重病变和冠状动脉严重病变的比值比(95 %CI)分别是1.41(1.11~1.79)、1.40(1.10~1.78)和1.78(1.11~2.87)。
结论吸烟与中青年女性ACS患者冠状动脉广泛病变及严重病变的风险增加有明确关联,为进一步认识吸烟行为的危害、加强中青年女性的控烟教育和戒烟指导提供了重要依据。
ObjectiveTo investigate the association between smoking and the severity of coronary lesions among young and middle-aged female patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
MethodsData of this study were derived from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China (CCC)-ACS project, a collaborative study of the Chinese Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Since 2014, the CCC-ACS project consecutively enrolled inpatients with ACS, systematically collected their clinical data and evaluated medical quality of these patients from 158 tertiary hospitals and 82 secondary hospitals across China. This study enrolled female patients less than 60 years old with initial ACS, who received coronary angiography in CCC-ACS project. Patients were divided into two groups according to smoking status. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between smoking and the severity of coronary lesions among young and middle-aged female patients with ACS.
ResultsA total of 2 863 female patients younger than 60 years old with initial ACS, who received coronary angiography, were enrolled. Among them, 12% (340 cases) was smokers. Proportion of patients younger than 45 years old was higher (13.2% (45/340) vs. 8.5% (215/2 523), P<0.01) and prevalence of hypertension (59.4% (202/340) vs. 66.7% (1 683/2 523), P<0.01) and diabetes (39.4% (134/340) vs. 44.2% (1 116/2 523), P=0.09) was lower in smoker group than in non-smoker group. However, prevalence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (66.8% (227/340) vs. 53.7% (1 354/2 523), P<0.01), coronary multi-vessel lesions (39.1% (133/340) vs. 32.6% (822/2 523), P<0.01) and severe stenosis in either single-vessel (56.2% (109/194) vs. 46.1% (706/1 530), P<0.01) or multi-vessel (63.2% (84/133) vs. 58.2% (478/822), P=0.29) was significantly higher in smoker group than in non-smoker group. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglyceride, renal insufficiency, family history of coronary heart disease and types of ACS, smokers faced a higher risk of coronary multi-vessel lesions, coronary multi-vessel severe lesions and coronary severe lesions with the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of 1.41 (1.11-1.79), 1.40 (1.10-1.78) and 1.78 (1.11-2.87), compared with non-smokers.
ConclusionsSmoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of extensive and severe coronary lesions among young and middle-aged female patients with ACS. This study provides crucial evidence for further understanding the harms of smoking and the need to strengthen the tobacco control education and smoking cessation guidance for young and middle-aged women.
胡国良,刘静,刘军,等. 吸烟与中青年女性急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变程度的关联研究[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2020,48(05):378-385.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20191115-00702版权归中华医学会所有。
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